Endothelin-1

Elevated Pulmonary Arterial and Systemic Plasma Aldosterone Levels Associate with Impaired Cardiac Reserve Capacity during Exercise in Left Ventricular Systolic Heart Failure Patients: A Pilot Study

BACKGROUND: Elevated levels of aldosterone are a modifiable contributor to clinical worsening in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is increased in HFrEF, induces pulmonary endothelial aldosterone …